

As someone who was a professional musician for several decades, from my experience, anyone seeking to record and release a cover of someone else’s song needs to specifically seek permission in writing from the artist, either through their label or legal rep. If they’re seeking to monetize that cover then contracts and/or agreements need to be signed. Just dropping a cover without going through those steps invites serious legal trouble.
Artists and labels retain the right to deny permission to anyone seeking to do a cover of any song still protected under copyright law. I recall a specific incident years ago between Weird Al and Coolio about this. (Although Weird Al does parodies and not straight covers, same laws apply.)
Correct. It was a misunderstanding. From what I remember someone from Al’s label said he had the go ahead from Coolio to do the parody. Only after it was released did Coolio make public statements about it, and Al tried to apologize but I don’t think Coolio was having it.
I don’t know how copyright law applies to satire but in my head, a parody of a song uses enough of the original material that you’d still need permission.